Conjugaciones verbales 

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Infinitivo. It is the verb in its basic form. It has three different endings -ar, -er, -ir. Before you conjugate any verb, you usually take the basic endings and add new endings for each particular tense.

Participio:

- Participio Presente o Gerundio: add the endings -ando/ -iendo to the stem of the verb you want to use. (The"o" at the end never changes)

cantar---> cant- ---> cantando, comer ---> com- ---> comiendo, vivir---> viv- --->viviendo

This tense is used in combination with the verb "estar" to form other tenses. One of the most common tenses is the "Presente progresivo/contínuo". (see explanation bellow)

 

- Participio Pasado: add the endings -ado/ -ido to the stem of the verb you want to use.

cantar---> cant- ---> cantado, comer ---> com- ---> comido, vivir---> viv- --->vivido

It has two basic uses:

a) As an adjective (adjetivo)----> by itself, modifying a noun. It changes the vowel at the end to agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies.

Juan, cansado de tanto trabajar en el jardín, va a dormir una siesta.
(Juan, tired of working so much in the yard, is going to take a nap.)

Inés, cansada de tanto limpiar en la casa, va a dormir una siesta.
(Inés, tired of cleaning so much in the house, is going to take a nap.)

b) In combination with the verb "estar", to express the condition in which something or somebody is. "Estar" is conjugated in any tense you need and according to the subject, and the second verb (in "Participio pasado") changes the vowel at the end to agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies.

Juan va a dormir una siesta porque está cansado de tanto trabajar en El jardín.
(Juan is going to take a nap because he is tired of working so much in the yard.)

Inés va a dormir una siesta porque está cansada de tanto limpiar en la casa.
(Inés is going to take a nap because she is tired of cleaning so much in the house.)

Mis estudiantes están muy nerviosos porque tienen un examen mañana.
(My students are very nervous because they have a test tomorrow.)

Ellas jugaron un partido de fútbol esta mañana, y ahora están cansadas.
(They played football this morning and now they are tired.)

c) In combination with the verb "haber" (conjugated according to the subject of the sentence) to form other conjugations, such as the "Presente Perfecto" (see bellow)

Nosotros hemos trabajado mucho este semestre. (We have worked a lot this semester)


Modo Indicativo (the Indicative Mood is used to state the action of the verb, that is, to indicate facts, to describe realiuty.)

Presente:
Presente Simple: Expresses what we do every day in the present, habitual actions in our present time.

Presente Contínuo (Presente Progresivo): Expresses what we are doing at this moment, actions in progress right now. It is a compound tense because it has an auxiliary verb plus the main verb.

Estar (conjugated according ro the subject of the sentence) + main verb in Presente Participio (-ando/-iendo, see above)

Mis estudiantes están estudiando para sus exámens finales ahora. (My students are studying for their final exams now.)

Yo estoy haciendo un cuadro sobre las conjugaciones de los verbos esta tarde, pero mis amigos están escuchando música en un concierto. (I am preparing a chart on verb conjugations, but my friends are listening to music at a concert.)

 

Presente Perfecto. It is generally used in the same way as the Present Perfect in English. It expresses an action that began in the past but it is still going on in the present, or its effects are still felt in the present. It is a compound tense because it has an auxiliary verb plus the main verb.

Haber (conjugated according ro the subject of the sentence) + verbo en Participio Pasado (-ado/-ido, see above)

Raquel ha visitado Madrid y Sevilla en España, pero todavía no ha viajado a Buenos Aires en Argentina. (Raquel has visited Madrid and Sevilla in Spain, but she has not been to Buenos Aires, Argentina, yet.)

Mi hermano ha recibido su título de Ingeniero Agrícola y ha encontrado un buen trabajo. (My brother has received his degree in Agricultural Ingeneering and has found a good job.)

 

Futuro:
Futuro Simple. Expresses an action that will take place in the future.

Nosotros tendremos un examen la semana próxima, estudiaré un poco el lunes y escribiré mis resúmenes el martes. (We will have a test next week, I will study a little bit on Monday and I will write the papers on Tuesday.)

Mi madre vendrá a visitarme en mayo del año que viene. (My mother will come to visit in May next year.)

 

Futuro con "ir". Expresses an action that is going to take place in the future. Some grammarians say this tense is more common and implies more certainty than the "Futuro simple". It is a compound tense because it has an auxiliary verb plus the preposition "a" and the main verb.

 
Ir (conjugado según el sujeto de la oración) + a + verbo INF.

No voy a viajar en estas vacaciones de invierno, voy a estar aquí en Oregon con mis amigos. (I am not going to travel this holidays, I am going to stay here in Oregon eith my friends.)

Mi madre va a visitarme el año que viene, pero mi abuela no va a venir porque dice que Portland está muy lejos. (My mother is going to visit next year, but my grandmother is not going to come because she says Portland is too far away.)

 

Pasado:
Pretérito. Expresses what happened or what somebody did at a particular point in time. The speaker refers to the beginning or the end of the action, or to the action as a whole, completed and done. It is also used when we are giving the duration of a particular action.

Este invierno, fui de vacaciones a Argentina para visitar a mi familia. (This winter, I went on vacation to Argentina to visit my family.)

Allí comí mucha carne y tomé mucho vino muy bueno. (There I ate a lot of meat and drank a lot of very good wine.)

 

Imperfecto. Expresses what was going on or what somebody was doing in the past. The speaker usually refers to a habit in the past, general description of the weather, people, the background of a story. It looks at the aaction as something already in progress, without paying attention to when it began or ended.

Cuando yo era niña , jugaba mucho en el campo con mis caballos y mis perros. (When I was a kid, I used to play with my horses and my dogs a lot.)

 

Modo Subjuntivo (the Subjunctive Mood is used to express uncertainty, an attitude or feeling toward the action of the verb)

Presente:
Presente. It is formed by using the "yo" form of the "Presente Indicativo", taking the "o" of the ending out and adding "e" to -ar verbs, "a" to -er and -ir verbs.

Modo Imperativo - Mandatos

Mandato formal. It is formed in the same way as the Present Subjunctive. It is used when we give somebody a direct order or command. If it is "formal", it means you are talking to the other person using the usted form.

 

Conjugadores de verbos en el Internet:
Spaleon.com
elemadrid.com
lingolex.com
verbix.com